氨基树脂固定化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的研究

以氨基树脂为载体对S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶进行固定化,优化了酶的固定化条件并对固定化酶的性质进行了研究。优化的固定化条件为:戊二醛体积分数5%、SAM合成酶添加量20mg·g-1、固定化时间5h。所制备的固定化SAM合成酶的酶活力为476.8U·g-1,酶活力回收率为74.5%。与游离SAM合成酶相比,固定化SAM合成酶的稳定性大幅提高,在50℃孵育5h酶活力仍保留61.2%,而游离SAM合成酶则完全失活;在pH值为6.0~6.5、8.0~9.5的缓冲溶液中,固定化SAM合成酶也更加稳定;固定化SAM合成酶连续催化反应10批次,酶活力保留86.3%;固定化SAM合成酶在4℃储存30d,酶活力保留81.4%。固定化SAM合成酶米氏常数KATPm=0.14mmol·L-1,KLm-Met=0.28mmol·L-1。     

Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water

This study deals with the routine monitoring of drinking water for the presence of enteroviruses, over a period of 1 year. A rapid and simple method was employed for the simultaneous detection and typing of enteroviruses in large-volume water samples. This included an integrated cell culture/nested PCR approach, followed by restriction enzyme analysis. The two drinking water supplies studied were derived from acceptable quality surface water sources using treatment processes, which conform to international specifications for the production of safe drinking water. Enteroviruses (predominantly coxsackie B viruses) were detected in 11% and 16% of the drinking water samples from two treatment plants, respectively. This study confirms that acceptable water quality indicators do not necessarily reflect the virus content of drinking water.     

Aquatic microbial activity and macrofaunal profiles of an Oklahoma stream

A toxicity assessment was conducted on Skeleton Creek, near Enid, Okla. This creek received effluents from an oil refinery, municipal waste treatment facility, and a fertilizer processing plant. Microbial activity assays, which focused on sediments, included: dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glucosidase, amylase and protease activity. Microbial electron transport system activity was also measured in overlying waters and sediments. Results were compared to a study conducted at the same time by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which measured in-stream fish, plankton and benthic communities. In addition, EPA conducted 7-day Ceriodaphnia reproductive toxicity tests and 7-day larval fathead minnow growth tests. Effects occurred below the 3 discharges and similar response patterns were noted between surrogate microbial assays and stream communities. These results highlight the importance and feasibility of multi-tiered test schemes in aquatic toxicity assessments.     

负载型TiO2光催化氧化水中微量环己烷

GC／MS分析结果表明，水中微量环己烷在负载型TiO2光催化氧化作用下生成了环己醇、环己酮等中间产物。当pH值为5．2－8．9时，环己烷光催化氧化过程受溶液pH值的影响较小，反应速率基本保持不变；溶液pH值较低（pH＝2．0）时环己烷的光催化氧化速率减小，而pH值较高（pH=12.0)时则能促进这一过程的进行。溶液中无机阴离子（如SO4^2-)的存在能抑制环己烷的光催化氧化过程，而光照距离的减小（即光强增大）则能加快降解速率。     

维生素A生物合成的研究进展

维生素A是维持人体代谢的必需维生素,在食品、药品及护肤品等多个领域占有重要地位,是三大维生素支柱产品之一,应用前景广阔。市场上的维生素A主要来源于化学合成和天然提取。近年来,随着绿色生物制造的发展,维生素A的生物合成研究取得了重大的进展。总结了维生素A生物合成的研究现状,并对维生素A生物合成的优化改造方案进行了分析归纳,概述了维生素A发酵生产以及产品组分调控和储存策略,最后对生物合成维生素A的现状进行总结与展望。     

植物天然产物氧化与微生物制造

在植物天然产物合成过程中,氧化反应是其中的关键反应,氧化酶是催化氧化反应不可或缺的生物催化剂,也是利用微生物合成植物天然产物过程中不可或缺的关键酶。介绍了萜类、生物碱、黄酮等植物天然产物骨架的氧化修饰,按照辅基的差异对合成植物天然产物过程中的氧化酶进行分类介绍,阐释了不同辅基参与氧化反应的机理。此外,还介绍了植物天然产物氧化过程在微生物合成过程中的难点,以及提高氧化酶催化效率的方法。最后,对未来合成生物学中氧化酶在微生物合成植物天然产物领域的前景进行了展望。     

碱联合超高压预处理对笋壳酶解效率的影响

以竹笋壳（BS）为原料,采用单独超高压（UHP）、单独碱加热（AH）、超高压后碱加热（UHP+AT）和碱加热后超高压（AT+UHP）4种方法进行预处理,并对比分析了样品预处理前后的化学组成、扫描电镜（SEM）、晶体结构（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积和孔结构及酶水解效率的变化规律。结果表明：与其他处理方法相比,AT+UHP在450MPa压强下处理效果最好。预处理后样品中木质素的脱除率为86.87%,微观表面结构松散和粗糙,结晶指数有所上升,比表面积和孔体积分别为2.590m²/g、0.010cm³/g,酶水解效率高达97.89%。UHP+AT与AT+UHP预处理效果差异不明显,其酶解效率达到96.94%。因此,碱联合超高压处理是生物燃料生产中生物质预处理的一种潜在选择。     

Reactor development for peroxidase catalyzed polymerization and precipitation of phenols from wastewater

Horseradish peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of toxic aromatic compounds, especially phenols and aromatic amines, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction products polymerize to form high molecular weight materials which readily precipitate from solution; hence, providing a means for the treatment of wastewaters which contain aromatic compounds. The catalytic lifetime of horseradish peroxidase enzyme can be extended by optimizing treatment conditions such as pH and temperature and by maintaining a low instantaneous enzyme concentration in the reaction mixture. The enzyme catalyzed polymerization process was implemented in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) configuration because reactant and enzyme concentrations are lowered immediately upon entering the reactor causing a reduction in inactivation of HRP through free radical bonding and compound III formation. Catalytic turnovers achieved in single and multiple CSTRs in series were significantly higher than those observed in batch reactors when sufficient retention time was provided.     

具脂肪酶和酯酶活性酵母菌的选育及酶学研究

从青岛市区含油土壤中筛选得到一株酵母 S9菌株 ,它可以同时产生较高酶活的脂肪酶和酯酶 .对影响 S9产脂肪酶和酯酶的各种因素进行了研究 ,1 %的可溶性淀粉为最佳碳源 ,最适的初始培养 p H和温度分别为 p H6.5和 2 8℃ ,对 S9脂肪酶和酯酶的各种酶学性质进行的研究表明 ,脂肪酶和酯酶的最适作用温度都为 3 0℃ ,最适作用 p H分别为 7.0和 8.0 ,两者都属于常温酶 ,在3 0～ 40℃范围内比较稳定 ,脂肪酶在中性偏碱的 p H环境中比较稳定 ,酯酶属于碱性酶 ,在 p H7.5～ 1 0 .5范围内相当稳定